First Italian War of Independence 1848–1849

Austrian Empire ⚔ Kingdom of Sardinia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Papal States, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Key battles

• Battle of Custoza (1848)
• Battle of Goito (1848)
• Skirmish of Pastrengo (1848)
• Battle of Novara (1849)

Who lived through the First Italian War of Independence

Well-known people alive during 1848–1849:

• Karl Marx (1818–1883) — German-born philosopher (1818-1883)
• Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) — president of the United States from 1861 to 1865 (1809-1865)
• Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910) — Russian author (1828–1910)
• Charles Darwin (1809–1882) — English naturalist and biologist (1809–1882)
• Victor Hugo (1802–1885) — French novelist, poet, dramatist and politician (1802–1885)
• Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) — German philosopher (1844-1900)
• Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881) — Russian novelist (1821–1881)
• Mark Twain (1835–1910) — American author and humorist (1835–1910)
• Thomas Edison (1847–1931) — American inventor and businessman (1847–1931)
• Charles Dickens (1812–1870) — English novelist and social critic (1812–1870)
• Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875) — Danish writer and poet (1805–1875)
• Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) — American writer and literary critic (1809–1849)
• Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898) — German statesman and Chancellor (1815-1898)
• Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) — French chemist and microbiologist (1822-1895)
• Richard Wagner (1813–1883) — German composer (1813–1883)
• Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849) — Polish composer and pianist (1810–1849)
• Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) — German mathematician and physicist (1777–1855)
• Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) — German philosopher, sociologist and economist (1820–1895)
• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) — Russian composer (1840–1893)
• Sarah Bernhardt (1844–1923) — French stage actress, painter and sculptor (1844–1923)
• Alfred Nobel (1833–1896) — Swedish chemist and inventor (1833–1896)
• Jules Verne (1828–1905) — French writer (1828–1905)
• Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907) — Russian chemist (1834–1907)
• Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901) — Italian opera composer (1813–1901)
• Michael Faraday (1791–1867) — British scientist (1791–1867)

See this war on the interactive map →

Who else was alive in 1840 →