Livonian War 1558–1583

Livonian Confederation, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Lithuanian union, Denmark–Norway, Zaporozhian Cossacks, Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711) ⚔ Tsardom of Russia, Kingdom of Livonia

Key battles

• Battle of Ergeme (1560)
• Battles of Wenden (1578)

Who lived through the Livonian War

Well-known people alive during 1558–1583:

• William Shakespeare (1564–1616) — English playwright and poet (1564–1616)
• Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) — Italian polymath (1564–1642)
• Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616) — Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright (1547-1616)
• Elizabeth I of England (1533–1603) — Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603
• Francis Bacon (1561–1626) — English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)
• Johannes Kepler (1572–1630) — German mathematician and astronomer (1571–1630)
• Akbar (1542–1605) — the third and greatest Mughal emperor from 1556 to 1605
• Giordano Bruno (1548–1600) — Italian Dominican friar, philosopher and mathematician (1548–1600)
• Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) — French author, philosopher, and statesman (1533–1592)
• Mimar Sinan (1490–1588) — 16th-century Ottoman chief architect and civil engineer
• Lope de Vega (1562–1635) — Spanish playwright and poet (1562-1635)
• Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) — Danish astronomer and alchemist, 1546–1601
• Francis Drake (1540–1596) — English sailor and privateer (c. 1540 – 1596)
• Ivan the Terrible (1530–1584) — Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584
• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525–1594) — Italian Renaissance composer (c. 1525–1594)
• El Greco (1541–1614) — Greek artist, painter, sculptor and architect (1541–1614)
• Luís de Camões (1524–1580) — 16th-century Portuguese poet
• Caravaggio (1571–1610) — Italian painter (1571–1610)
• Philip II of Spain (1527–1598) — King of Spain, Portugal, Naples and Sicily; King consort of England, lived 1527-1598
• Teresa of Ávila (1515–1582) — Roman Catholic saint (1515-1582)
• Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–1587) — Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567 (1542–1587)
• Titian (1490–1576) — Italian painter (c.1490–1576)
• Henry IV of France (1553–1610) — King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610 (1553-1610)
• Christopher Marlowe (1564–1593) — English dramatist, poet and translator (1564–1593)
• John Donne (1572–1631) — English poet and cleric (1572-1631)

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