Mongol invasions and conquests 1206–1337

Mongol Empire ⚔ Western Xia, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Manchuria, Dali Kingdom, Khwarizmian Empire, Kara-Khitan Khanate, Song dynasty, Kievan Rus'

Key battles

• Battle of Yehuling (1211)
• Siege of Zhongdu (1215)
• Siege of Bukhara (1220) (1220)
• Battle of Indus (1221)
• Battle of Parwan (1221)
• Battle of the Kalka River (1223)
• Siege of Kaifeng (1232) (1232)
• Battle of the Sit River (1238)
• Siege of Kyiv (1240)
• Battle of Legnica (1241)
• Battle of Mohi (1241)
• Battle of Köse Dağ (1243)
• Siege of Baghdad (1258)
• Battle of Ain Jalut (1260)
• Battle of Xiangyang (1267)
• Battle of Bun'ei (1274)
• Battle of Yamen (1279)
• Second Battle of Homs (1281)
• Battle of Kōan (1281)
• Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
• Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar (1299)
• Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303)
• Battle of Kulikovo (1380)

Who lived through the Mongol invasions and conquests

Well-known people alive during 1206–1337:

• Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) — Florentine poet, writer, and philosopher (c. 1265–1321)
• Marco Polo (1254–1324) — Venetian explorer and merchant who travelled through Asia (1254–1324)
• Genghis Khan (1162–1227) — founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire (1162–1227)
• Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) — Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church (1225–1274)
• Ibn Battuta (1304–1368) — 14th century Muslim Maghrebi scholar and explorer
• Hafez (1325–1389) — Persian poet and mystic (1325–1389)
• Petrarch (1304–1374) — Italian scholar and poet (1304-1374)
• Rumi (1207–1273) — Iranian poet
• Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375) — Italian author and poet (1313–1375)
• Francis of Assisi (1182–1226) — Italian Catholic saint, friar, deacon and preacher and founder of the Franciscan Order (1181/2–1226)
• Fibonacci (1170–1240) — Italian mathematician (c.1170–c.1240/50)
• Saadi (1210–1292) — Persian poet
• Kublai Khan (1215–1294) — founding emperor of the Yuan dynasty, grandson of Genghis Khan (1215–1294)
• Osman I (1258–1326) — founder of the Ottoman Empire (died 1323/4)
• Giotto (1267–1337) — Italian painter and architect (c. 1267–1337)
• William of Ockham (1287–1349) — English Franciscan friar and theologian (c.1287–1347)
• Shota Rustaveli (1172–1216) — Georgian poet
• Albertus Magnus (1200–1280) — German-Dominican friar and saint (c. 1200–1280)
• Louis IX of France (1214–1270) — King of France from 1226 to 1270 (1214–1270)
• Innocent III (1160–1216) — Head of the Catholic Church from 1198 to 1216
• John, King of England (1166–1216) — King of England from 1199 to 1216
• Roger Bacon (1220–1292) — English polymath, philosopher and friar (c.1219/20–c.1292)
• Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1195–1250) — King of Sicily, Holy Roman Emperor (1194–1250, 1220–1250)
• Nasreddin (1208–1284) — philosopher, Sufi and wise man from Turkey, remembered for his funny stories and anecdotes
• Edward I of England (1239–1307) — King of England from 1272 to 1307

See this war on the interactive map →

Who else was alive in 1200 →