Second Northern War 1655–1660

Sweden, History of Sweden (1611–1648), Brandenburg-Prussia, Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711), Cossack Hetmanate, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Wallachia, Moldavia ⚔ Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Denmark–Norway, Holy Roman Empire, Tsardom of Russia, Crimean Khanate, Brandenburg-Prussia, Dutch Republic

Key battles

• Siege of Jasna Góra (1655)
• Battle of Warsaw (1656)
• Siege of Riga (1656)
• Battle of Nyborg (1659)

Who lived through the Second Northern War

Well-known people alive during 1655–1660:

• Isaac Newton (1643–1727) — English mathematician and physicist (1642–1727)
• Molière (1622–1673) — French playwright and actor (1622–1673)
• John Locke (1632–1704) — English philosopher and physician (1632-1704)
• Rembrandt (1606–1669) — Dutch painter and printmaker (1606–1669)
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) — German mathematician and philosopher (1646–1716)
• Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) — Japanese poet (1644–1694)
• Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) — French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer, and Christian philosopher (1623-1662)
• Louis XIV of France (1638–1715) — King of France and of Navarre from 1643 to 1715 (1638-1715)
• Benedictus de Spinoza (1632–1677) — Dutch philosopher (1632-1677)
• Diego Velázquez (1599–1660) — Spanish painter (1599-1660)
• Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) — English philosopher (1588–1679)
• John Milton (1608–1674) — English poet and civil servant (1608–1674)
• Jean de La Fontaine (1621–1695) — French poet, fabulist and writer (1621–1695)
• Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) — English military and political leader (1599–1658)
• Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) — Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629–1695)
• Jean Racine (1639–1699) — French dramatist (1639-1699)
• Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675) — Dutch painter (1632–1675)
• Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665) — French mathematician and lawyer
• Robert Boyle (1627–1691) — Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) — Dutch scientist known as "the Father of Microbiology", and one of the first microscopists (1632–1723)
• Pierre Corneille (1606–1684) — French tragedian (1606–1684)
• Charles Perrault (1628–1703) — French author (1628-1703)
• Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600–1681) — Spanish dramatist (1600-1681)
• Robert Hooke (1635–1703) — English natural philosopher, architect and polymath (1635 — 1703)
• Abel Tasman (1603–1659) — Dutch seafarer, explorer and merchant (1603–1659)

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