Wars of the Roses 1455–1487

House of Lancaster ⚔ House of York

Key battles

• First Battle of St Albans (1455)
• Battle of Blore Heath (1459)
• Battle of Ludford Bridge (1459)
• Battle of Wakefield (1460)
• Battle of Northampton (1460)
• Battle of Towton (1461)
• Battle of Mortimer's Cross (1461)
• Second Battle of St Albans (1461)
• Battle of Ferrybridge (1461)
• Battle of Hexham (1464)
• Battle of Hedgeley Moor (1464)
• Battle of Edgcote (1469)
• Battle of Losecoat Field (1470)
• Battle of Tewkesbury (1471)
• Battle of Barnet (1471)
• Battle of Bosworth Field (1485)
• Battle of Stoke Field (1487)

Who lived through the Wars of the Roses

Well-known people alive during 1455–1487:

• Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) — Italian Renaissance polymath (1452−1519)
• Michelangelo (1475–1564) — Italian artist and architect (1475-1564)
• Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) — Italian navigator, explorer, and colonist (1451–1506)
• Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) — Italian diplomat and political and military theorist (1469–1527)
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) — Polish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543)
• Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) — German painter, printmaker, mathematician, and theorist (1471-1528)
• Vasco da Gama (1460–1525) — Portuguese explorer (c. 1460s – 1524)
• Johannes Gutenberg (1400–1468) — German inventor and craftsman (1400-1468)
• Erasmus (1466–1536) — Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, and theologian (1466-1536)
• Mehmed II (1432–1481) — seventh Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1444–1446, 1451–1481)
• Américo Vespucio (1454–1512) — Florentine explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer
• Sandro Botticelli (1445–1510) — Italian painter (1445–1510)
• Donatello (1386–1466) — Early Renaissance Italian sculptor (1386–1466)
• Guru Nanak (1469–1539) — First Sikh Guru and founder of Sikhism
• Isabella I of Castile (1451–1504) — queen of the Crown of Castile, from 1474 to 1504; first queen of a dynastically-united Spain, from 1479 to 1504 (1451–1504)
• Alexander VI (1431–1503) — pope of the Catholic Church 1492–1503 from the Borgia family (1430/32-1503)
• Julius II (1443–1513) — pope of the Catholic Church from 1503 to 1513 (1443–1513)
• Paul III (1468–1549) — pope of the Catholic Church from 1534 to 1549 (1468–1549)
• Leo X (1475–1521) — pope from 1513 to 1521 (1475-1521)
• Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533) — Italian poet (1474–1533)
• Hieronymus Bosch (1450–1516) — Dutch painter (c. 1450–1516)
• Vlad the Impaler (1431–1476) — 15th-century ruler of Wallachia
• Ferdinand II of Aragon (1452–1516) — King of Aragon, Sicily, Naples, and Valencia (1452-1516)
• Selim I (1470–1520) — 9th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520
• Richard III of England (1452–1485) — king of England from 1483 to 1485

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